知识点
<p> 本课知识点:</p> <p> <strong>一般过去时,一般现在时</strong></p> <p> &nbsp;</p> <p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作),也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(1) I had a word with Julia this morning.</strong><strong>今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(2) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.&nbsp;</strong><strong>他没有戒烟的那阵子,烟抽得可凶了。</strong></p> <p> &nbsp;</p> <p> <strong>一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when&nbsp;等等。</strong></p> <p> <strong>一般过去时的基本用法</strong></p> <p> <strong>1&nbsp;</strong><strong>带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时</strong></p> <p> <strong>如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago&hellip;(两天前&hellip;&hellip; )、last year&hellip;(去年&hellip;)、the other day(前几天)、once up on a time(过去曾经)、&nbsp;just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前&hellip;)、&nbsp;When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时&hellip;)</strong></p> <p> <strong>①Did you have a party the other day?</strong></p> <p> <strong>前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?</strong></p> <p> <strong>②Lei Feng was a good soldier.</strong></p> <p> <strong>雷锋是个好战士。</strong></p> <p> <strong>注意</strong></p> <p> <strong>1.</strong><strong>在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。</strong></p> <p> <strong>2&nbsp;</strong><strong>表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时</strong></p> <p> <strong>这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。</strong></p> <p> <strong>The boy opened&nbsp;&nbsp;his eyes for a moment</strong><strong>,looked at the captain,and then died.</strong></p> <p> <strong>那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。</strong></p> <p> <strong>3&nbsp;</strong><strong>表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always,never等连用。</strong></p> <p> <strong>Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.</strong></p> <p> <strong>彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)</strong></p> <p> <strong>比较</strong></p> <p> <strong>Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.</strong></p> <p> <strong>彼得太太老是带着伞。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)</strong></p> <p> <strong>I never drank wine.</strong><strong>我以前从不喝酒。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)</strong></p> <p> <strong>4&nbsp;</strong><strong>如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do</strong></p> <p> <strong>He used to drink.</strong></p> <p> <strong>他过去喝酒。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)</strong></p> <p> <strong>I used to take a walk in the morning.</strong></p> <p> <strong>我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)</strong></p> <p> <strong>I took a walk in the morning.</strong></p> <p> <strong>我曾经在早晨散过步。(只是说明过去这一动作)</strong></p> <p> <strong>比较</strong></p> <p> <strong>I took a walk in the morning .</strong></p> <p> <strong>我曾经在早晨散过步。(只是说明过去这一动作)</strong></p> <p> <strong>5&nbsp;</strong><strong>有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。</strong></p> <p> <strong>I didn&#39;&#39;t know you were in Paris.</strong></p> <p> <strong>我不知道你在巴黎。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)</strong></p> <p> <strong>I thought you were ill.</strong><strong>我以为你病了呢。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)(时态应该用原句子的时态)</strong></p> <p> <strong>一般现在时的用法</strong></p> <p> <strong>1</strong><strong>.概念:一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。</strong></p> <p> <strong>2</strong><strong>.构成:一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式:</strong></p> <p> <strong>(1)be型:句子的谓语动词只有be(am,is或are):</strong></p> <p> <strong>a</strong><strong>.肯定句中,只出现be,如:</strong></p> <p> <strong>I am a student</strong><strong>.我是一名学生。</strong></p> <p> <strong>b</strong><strong>.否定句中,要在be后面加not,如:</strong></p> <p> <strong>She isn&#39;t a teacher</strong><strong>.她不是教师。</strong></p> <p> <strong>c</strong><strong>.一般疑问句,要将be放在句子开头(注意句首字母大写),句尾用问号,答语用Yes,主语+be.或No,主语+be+not.如:</strong></p> <p> <strong>&mdash;Are you ready?&mdash;你准备好了吗?</strong></p> <p> <strong>&mdash;Yes,I am.&mdash;是的,我准备好了。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(&mdash;No,I&#39;m not.&mdash;不,我没准备好。)</strong></p> <p> <strong>(2)实义动词型:句中的谓语动词为实义动词(也叫行为动词):</strong></p> <p> <strong>a</strong><strong>.肯定句中,只出现实义动词,如:</strong></p> <p> <strong>I get up in the morning</strong><strong>.我早晨起床。</strong></p> <p> <strong>b</strong><strong>.否定句中,要在实义动词前面加do(does)+not,do(does)作助动词,本身无意义,常与not缩写成don&#39;t(doesn&#39;t),如:</strong></p> <p> <strong>I don&#39;t like vegetables</strong><strong>.我不喜欢蔬菜。</strong></p> <p> <strong>c</strong><strong>.一般疑问句,要在句子开头加助动词Do(does),句尾用问号,简略答语用Yes,主语+do(does).或No,主语+do(does)+not.如:</strong></p> <p> <strong>&mdash;Do you like oranges?&mdash;你喜欢桔子吗?</strong></p> <p> <strong>&mdash;Yes,I do.&mdash;是的,我喜欢。</strong></p> <p> <strong>(&mdash;No,I don&#39;t.&mdash;不,我不喜欢。)</strong></p> <p> <strong>11.1&nbsp;</strong><strong>一般现在时的用法</strong></p> <p> <strong>1)&nbsp;</strong><strong>经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。</strong></p> <p> <strong>时间状语:&nbsp;every&hellip;, sometimes, at&hellip;, on Sunday</strong></p> <p> <strong>I leave home for school at 7 every morning.</strong></p> <p> <strong>2)&nbsp;</strong><strong>客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。</strong></p> <p> <strong>The earth moves around the sun.</strong></p> <p> <strong>Shanghai lies in the east of China.</strong></p> <p> <strong>3)&nbsp;</strong><strong>表示格言或警句中。</strong></p> <p> <strong>Pride goes before a fall.&nbsp;</strong><strong>骄者必败。</strong></p> <p> &nbsp;</p>题库
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