冀教英语一起四上-德慧贤达全科辅导王

知识点
在本单元中我们将学习有关怎样用英语表达自己喜欢的，有关自己的喜好：
1.Let's have a hamburger. 让我们吃个汉堡包吧。(P58)
"Let's"是"Let us"的缩写形式，其后接动词原形（即省去to的动词不定式）。以"Let's"开头的句子为祈使句。例如：
Let's go fishing.让我们去钓鱼吧。
Let's play badminton. 让我们打羽毛球吧。
2.I need a lot of energy. 我需要许多能量。(P58)
(1)句中的need作动词，意为"需要"。例如：
Do you need my help?你需要帮助吗？
I don't need any money.我不需要钱。
need还可作情态动词，常用于否定句。例如：
---Must I finish the work today?---No, you needn't.
--我必须今天完成这项任务吗？--不必。
(2)a lot of = lots of 意为"许多、大量的"，相当于many或much。例如：
He has a lot of friends here. = He has many friends here.他这儿有许多朋友。
Her parents have a lot of money. = Her parents have much money.她父母亲很有钱。
3.You never exercise. 你从来不锻炼。(P58)
(1) never是副词，意为"永不，从不，决不，从未，一点也不"。通常置于行为动词之前、be动词或助动词之后。例如：
We never go to school on Sundays.我们星期天从来不上学。
I am never late for work.我上班从不迟到。
I will never forget your birthday.我决不忘记你的生日。
(2) 句中的exercise 作动词，意为"锻炼"。例如：
My father exercises in the park every morning.我父亲每天早晨在公园锻炼。
exercise还可作名词，意为"锻炼"。例如：
We need enough exercise every day.我们需要每天锻炼。
4.I walk to my bowl many times a day. 我一天跑向我的饭碗好多次。(P58)
(1)句中的walk为不及物动词，walk to相当于go to ... on foot，意为"步行去......"例如：
She walks to school every day.她每天步行上学。
walk也可作及物动词，意为"带......散步，带......遛弯"。例如：
She walks him every day. 她每天带他散步。(P28)
walk还可作名词，意为"散步，溜达"。例如：
I take my dog for a walk every day.我每天溜狗。(P14)
He often goes for a walk after supper.他经常晚饭后去散步。
(2) times意为"次数、倍数"，属可数名词。例如：
We have meals three times a day.我们一天吃三顿饭。
time也可作不可数名词，意为"时间"。例如：
We don't have much time to chat with each other at school. 我们在学校没有多少时间相互聊天。
5. What is your favourite food? 你最喜爱的食物是什么？ (P59)
They are my favourite.他们是我的最爱。(P59)
句中的favourite是形容词，意为"心爱的，最喜爱的"，修饰名词。例如：
What is your favourite colour? 你最喜爱的颜色是什么？
favourite也可作名词，意为"最喜爱的东西，最爱"。例如：
This song is one of my favourites.这首歌是我最喜爱的歌曲之一。
6.I want to be a dancer. 我想要当舞蹈家。(P60)
（1）want to be ...意为"想要当/成为......"，want to do sth.意为"想要干某事"。例如：
My sister wants to be a teacher when she grows up. 我妹妹长大后想要当教师。
I want to go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午我想要去购物。
（2）dancer是由动词dance加后缀-er变化而来的。例如：
Wait-waiter; play-player; work-worker, teach-teacher;
drive-driver; write-writer;
swim-swimmer; run-runner;
7.It's easy for me to get tired when I dance. 我跳舞时很容易疲劳。(P60)
（1）该句的句型结构为"It is adj. for sb. to do sth."意为"做某事对某人来说..."， it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式to do sth.。因此，原句可改写为：To get tired when I dance is easy for me。例如：
It is important for us to read English every day.= To read English every day is important for us.
It's not easy to learn English well.= To learn English well is not easy.
It's great fun to play computer games.= To play computer games is great fun.
（2）句中的get为连系动词，与tired构成系表结构。例如：
The young man looks so cool.这位小伙子看上去很酷。
I feel happy to be with you.跟你在一起我很开心。
The cake tastes delicious.这蛋糕偿起来很好吃。
I feel hungry. I want to have some bread.我感到饿了，想吃些面包。
I feel tired after swimming.游泳后我感到疲劳。
8.I usually have fruit and vegetables because I want to be healthy. 我通常吃水果和蔬菜，因为我想健康。(P60)
because是连词，后接表示原因的状语从句；because of后接表原因的词或短语。例如：
I like my classroom because it is big and clean. 我喜欢我的教室，因为它既大又干净。(P24)
I don't like the mooncakes because they are too sweet.我不喜欢月饼，因为太甜了。
He can't play football any more because of his poor leg.由于可怜的的那条腿，他不奶奶感再踢足球了。
9.After class, I also like playing computer games and chatting with my friends on the Internet.课后我也喜欢玩电脑游戏和在网上与朋友聊天。（P60）
also是副词，意为"也"，与too同义，但also一般置于行为动词之前、be动词或助动词之后；too一般置于句未。例如：
She is also from America.= She is from America, too.
I also like singing.= I like singing, too.
either也可表示"也"，但通常用于否定句, 一般置于句未。例如：
We don't go to school on Sundays. They don't go to school on Sundays, either.
10.It's time for me to change now. 我现在该改变了。P60）
此句型为It's time for +名词/代词+to+动词原形，是一个常用的句型，意为"某人该做某事了；某人做某事的时间到了；是某人做某事的时候了。"例如：
It's time for the students to play games. 学生们该做游戏了。
It's time for us to go to school. 我们该上学了。
这一句型也可用下列句型：
（1）It's time for+名词。例如：
It's time for class.该上课了。
It's time for lunch. 是吃中饭的时候了。
（2）It's time to+动词原形。例如：
It's time to go to school.= It's time for school. 该去上学了。
It's time to have supper.= It's time for supper. 是吃晚饭的时候了。
11.I plan to go swimming twice a week. 我计划一周游泳两次。(P60)
（1）go swimming意为"去游泳"。go+V-ing结构表示去进行带有娱乐性的体育活动。例如：
go running去跑步
go shopping 去买东西
go fishing去钓鱼
go skating去溜冰
（2）twice意为"两次，两倍"。例如：
Amy goes to the Swimming Club three times a week. Amy一周去游泳俱乐部三次。(P64)
对twice a week，three times a week等提问时，用How often。例如：
How often does Amy go to the Swimming Club？
12. How much do you know about food? 关于食物你知道多少？（P63）
（1）How much常用来对不可数名词的数量提问，也可用于询问价钱，还可询问抽象名词或表示事物总称的名词的数。例如：
How much milk do you need?
How much do you know about their school?
How much is the chicken?
（2）若对可数名词的数量提问，通常用how many。例如：
How many people are there in your family?
13.How often do they exercise? 他们多长时间锻炼一次？（P64）
How often常用于对频率的提问，意为"多长时间一次"，其答语通常是once a week, three times a month, sometimes等表示频的副词及短语。例如：
---How often do you go to see your parents?---Twice a month.--你过多久去看你父母亲一次？--一月一次。
---How often does your cousin play computer games? ---Three times a week.--你表弟多长时间玩一次电脑游戏？--一星期三次。
---How often do you go fishing?---Never, but my father does once a week.--你过多久去钓一次鱼？--从不，不过我父亲每周去一次。
14.Daniel spends all his free time sitting in front of the computer. Daniel把所有的业余时间都花在电脑前面。（P64）
此句型为spend some time (in) doing sth.，意为"某人花费......时间干某事"，spend后接动词，介词in可省略；spend后接名词时，用句型spend some time on sth.，意为"某人在某事方面花费......时间"。例如：
I usually spend about an hour doing my homework every day. = I usually spend about an hour on my homework every day. 我每天通常花半个小时做家庭作业。
He spends fifteen minutes walking to school.他花15分钟步行上学。
也可用it takes sb. some time to do sth.这一句型，意为"某人花费......时间干某事"。例如：
It takes half an hour to cook.要花半个小时做饭。
上面的两个例句可分别改写为：
It usually takes me about an hour to do my homework every day.
It takes him fifteen minutes to walk to school.
15.You are not fit at all.你一点也不健康。（P69）
（1）at all意为"一点也（不）"，常与not连用，构成句型not...at all。例如：
I'm not tired at all.
---Are you hungry?---Not at all.
not与at all连在一起，用来表示"答谢"。例如：
---Thank you.--- Not at all. (=You're welcome.)
（2）句中的fit是形容词，意为"健康的，结实的"，相当于healthy。例如：
If you want to keep fit, you should take more exercise.
16.Congratulations! 祝贺你（们）！（P65）
Congratulations是名词，常用复数形式，其后可接to sb.或on doing sth.，意为"向（某人）祝贺（某事）"。例如：
Congratulations to you on winning the match.
Congratulations on your success(成功).
17.I like hamburgers but I don't eat them any more.我喜欢汉堡包，不过我不再吃了。（P70）
not...any more意为"不再......"。例如：
I won't be late any more.我再也不迟到了。
He doesn't play computer games any more.他再也不完电脑游戏了。
18.Good luck with your new diet and lifestyle. 愿新的日常饮食几生活方式为你带来好运（成功）。（P70）
（1）luck是名词，意为"运气、幸运"。例如：
He always has good luck.他总很走运。
I wish you luck. 祝你幸运。
（2）若表示"祝（你）好运；祝（你）顺利；祝（你）平安！"，则表达为：Good luck!
Good luck 后接人时用 Good luck to sb.，Good luck后接sth.时用Good luck with sth. 例如：Good luck to you!
Good luck with your English!