知识点
一、重点短语
1. these days 目前;现在
2. regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
3. in order to 为了
4. so far 迄今;到现在为止
5. in need 需要
6. not.. anymore 不再……
7. welcome to 欢迎来到 … :
8. check out 察看;观察
9. board games 棋类游戏
10. one last thing 最后一样东西
11. junior high school 初级中学
12. clear out 清理
13. no longer 不再;不复
14. toy monkey 玩具猴
15. part with 与……分开
16. to be honest 说实在的
17. . ride a bike 骑自行车
18. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
19. one’s old things 某人的旧东西
20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
21. give away 捐赠
22. play for a while 玩一会儿
23. do with... 处置;处理
24. search for work 找工作
25. for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
26. the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
27. stay the same 保持原状
28. according to 依据;按照
29. in one’s opinion 依……看
30. in my time 在我那个年代
1. How long have you... ?
How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了?
2. sb. has/have done sth. for...
Amy has had her favorite book for three years. 艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3 年了。
3. sb. has/have done sth. since...
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.自他4 岁生日起,他拥有这个东西了。
4. Some… Others...
Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. 有些人仍然住在家乡。然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
三、语法
现在完成时
(1) 非延续性动词也称为短暂性动词或瞬息动词,这类动词所表示的动作往往在“瞬间”就完成了,动 作不能“持续”,可以用于完成时态,但在完成时态的句子中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since two days ago, for two years等。如果要表示该动作的延续,就需要将其转换为延续性动词或表示状态的词。
The film started two hours ago. 电影是两个小时前开始的。(正确)
→The film has been on for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。(正确)
The film has started. 电影已经开始了。 (正确)
The film has started for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。(错误)
常见的非延续性动词有:die, buy, borrow, lend, come, go, arrive, stop, finish, leave, open, close, begin, start, see, marry, join, hear等。
(2) 延续性动词,是指动作可以延续的动词,可以跟表示持续一段时间的时间状语连用。 常用的延续性动词有:keep, have, last, run, eat, drink, sing, sleep, sit, teach, live, stay等。
I have kept the book for two days. 这本书我已经借了两天了。
He will stay here for a week. 他要在这里待一周。
(3) 非延续性动词所表示的动作不能持续,若要跟for或since等表示一段时间的状语,则该非延续性 动词要用延续性动词或表示状态的词来替换。
Jim left his hometown last year. 吉姆去年离开了家乡。
=Jim has been away from his hometown for a year. 吉姆离开家乡一年了。 常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词或表示状态的词:
|
非延续性动词 |
延续性动词/表示状态的词 |
|
die |
→ be dead |
|
borrow |
→ keep |
|
buy/catch |
→ have |
|
get up |
→ be up |
|
come/arrive/go |
→ be in/at |
|
finish/stop |
→ be over |
|
leave |
→ be away (from) |
|
open |
→ be open |
|
close |
→ be closed |
|
begin/start |
→ be on |
|
marry |
→ be married |
|
join |
→ be in/ be a member of |
(4) 非延续性动词的现在完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,因为非延续性动词的 这种否定形式构成一种状态,而这一状态是可以持续的。
例如:He hasn?t bought any sweets for a year. 他已经有一年没有买糖果了。
I haven?t seen Mr. Zhang for ages. 我好几年没有看到张先生了。
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