知识点
重点词组
1. have a rest 休息一下
2. think of 想象到
3. come along 出现
4. what a pity 真可惜
5. go on doing 不停地做
6. in silence 沉默地
7. after a while 过了一会
8. turn sth over 使翻转
9. trick sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
语法
定语从句
一、概念:
1. 定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词
a tall building
the book on the desk
anything important
the girl in red
2. 如果定语是句子,便称为定语从句。
I know the girl. The girl is dancing. (两个简单句)
→I know the girl who is dancing. (定语从句)
被修饰的词是 girl。这个词就称为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是who, 称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的成分。
二、具体用法:
1. 由who, that和which引导的关系从句,其前面一定有一个表示人或物的名词或代 词。这个被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。当先行词指人时,由who或that引导; 当先行词指物时,由which或that引导。
I don’t know the boy who is playing football.
The film which we saw last night was wonderful.
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
2. that引导的关系从句,其先行词可以表示人,也可以表示物。
The coat that I put on the desk is blue. (that指物,=which)
The boy that visited our school yesterday is from England. (that指人,=who)
3. who, that和which在关系从句中既可以作主语,也可以作宾语。作主语时关系代词 不可以省略;作宾语时,that和which可以省略。
The man who lives next to us is a policeman. (who作主语,不能省)
He is the man that I visited last week. (that作宾语,可以省)
三、定语从句中只能用that的情况:
1. 先行词为all, much, nothing, none, something, everything等不定代词时。 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
This is the most interesting story that he told.
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few, any, no等词修饰时。
This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
4. 先行词里同时含有人或物时。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
四、定语从句中不宜用that的情况:
1. 关系代词前有介词时。
This is the room in which my father lived. 这是我父亲住过的房间。
2. 非限制性定语从句中。
He has a son,who works in a hospital. 他有一个儿子,在一家医院工作。
3. 先行词本身是that或those时。
The clock is that which tells us the time. 钟表是告诉我们时间的。
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