知识点
一、重点短语
1. as big as 与……一样大 as…….as 与…..一样(形容词 副词) 同级比较 中间加形容词副词原型
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一 one of +the 形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……之一
3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
4. as far as I know 据我所知 （可用在作文当中发表自己的观点） In my opioion
5. in the world 在世界上 同义短语有： all over the world around the world throughout the world
6. any other mountain 其他任何一座山
7. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
8. run along 跨越… …
9. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
10. take in air 呼吸空气
11. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
12. in the face of difficulties 面临危险
13. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
14. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想
15. even though 虽然;尽管= even if as if= as though好像
16. be awake 醒着 wake up 醒来， 叫醒
17. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
18. walk into sb. 撞到某人
19 fall over 摔倒
20. take care of 照顾;照料=look after= care for take care 当心，保重
21. every two years 每两年 表频率 相当于 once two years
二、知识点详解
1. Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour. 在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。 feel free 是英语口语中一个常用表达。若有人让你 feel free to do something, 就 是让你无需拘束，只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。
e.g. A: Can I use your bathroom? 我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？
B: Yes, feel free. 可以，请随意。
2. As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this. 据我所知，再没有像它这样大的人造物体了。
as far as I know 是一个固定的表达方式， 还可以说 so far as I know, 意思是― 据我所知。
e.g. They’re not coming today, so far as I know.
3. achievement n. 成就；成绩
e.g.We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain. 当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨大的成就感。
achieve v. 达到；完成；成功
e.g. He will never achieve anything if he doesn’t work harder.
4. southwestern adj. 西南的；西南方向的 、
e.g. Is this Southwestern Airline? 这是西南航空公司吗？
5.include v. 包含；包括 e.g. Her hobbies include swimming and gardening.
6. condition n. 条件；状况 e.g. The piano was in good condition.
7. take in 吸入；容纳 e.g. Fish take in oxygen through their gills.
8. succeed v. 实现目标；成功 ²
常用短语：succeed in doing sth. e.g. Police have finally succeeded in solving the mystery.
9. challenge v. & n. 挑战；考验 e.g. The job doesn’t really challenge him. 这项工作不能真正的考验他。
10. in the face of 面对（困难、问题等） e.g. In the face of difficulties, he’s completely unafraid. 。
11. force n. 力；力量 e.g. The thief took the money from the old man by force.
12. One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, …
one of + the + 形容词的最高级 + 复数名词‖，意为―最…… 之一
eg: Miss Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
13. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. It is + adj. + to do sth.，
Eg: It’s very difficult to climb Qomolangma.
14. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. u
difficulty 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。作可数名词时通常用复数， 表 示具体概念，
即：各式各样的 ―困难，难题，难事，如： He’s having financial difficulties.
作不可数名词时，译作―困难，艰难，幸苦，如： She had great difficulty in understanding him.
常见短语有：have difficulty in doing sth 在……方面有困难
15. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. ²
give up 意为―放弃，后面可以接名词、代词或 v-ing 形式作宾语。
【注意】 如果其宾语是名词，那么名词可以放在 give 和 up 之间，也可以放在 up 之后；如果其宾语是代词，那么代词只能放在 give 和 up 之间。
Eg. Although English isn’t easy to learn, I won’t give it up.
16. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous? even though 用作从属连词，意为―即使；尽管，相当于 even if，引导让步状语 从句，一般不与并列连词 but 连用。
Eg: Mr. Wang will come on time even though it rains.
17. …they run over with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall over! run over 跑上前去
e.g. She ran over to say hello, but I didn’t recognize her.
18. walk into （走路时意外）撞上
e.g. As he was thinking too deeply and not playing attention to where he was going, he walked straight into a tree.
19. over 摔倒；倒下 e.g. Don’t run too fast, or you might fall over.
fall over something 被某物绊倒
e.g. Tommy fell over the dog and broke his front teeth. Tommy
20. China has the largest population in the world.中国式世界上人口最多的国家。
Population 人口 当前面有百分数，分数修饰的时候谓语动词用复数，没有则 用单数
Eg. The world’s population is increasing faster and faster. About 80% of the population in china are farmers. ²
问人口是多少切记：What is the population of…… 或者 How large is the population of
Eg. What is the population of China? = How large is the population of China?
【注意】一定不能用How many 或 how much；修饰population同样用的是large或small,不能用much 或many
三、重点句型
1. It is +~adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth.
Eg.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. u
It is +adj+ of sb +to do sth 介词 for，of 的选择取决于前面的形容词，前面 的形容词可以用来形容一个人的性格，品质特征用of 常见有： kind, clever, smart, foolish, 对事而言的话，则用for,常见有 hard, easy, difficult, important, necessary等
2. Although. “ ，… 不可以与but连用
Eg. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller.
3. sb. spend tim e/money doing/on sth.
Eg. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
四、重点语法——形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级
（一）原级句型：
1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样…eg: He is as tall as me.
2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如B…eg:He is not as tall as me.
3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等
例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
（二）比较级句型 u
可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿 even甚至，still仍然
Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
1.当句中有than 时则用比较级。
eg: He is fatter than me.
2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”
eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。 u
加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越… eg: English is more and more important.
4. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
Eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
5.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。
Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
6. A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词 (+介词短语)” 表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“A最……”。
Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
（三）最高级常用句型结构
1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中 最……的”。
eg：Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students. This apple is the biggest of the five.
2．“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+ 复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
Eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
3．“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or C？”用于三者以上
eg Which is the biggest? The moon,the sun or ths earth?
4.”the +序数词+最高级+ 单数名词+范围”。表示…是第几大（…）
eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the,但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the
eg: He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend. （四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化 l
规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如， heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， eg. big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful
不规则变化
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原级
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比较级
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最高级
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good/well
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better
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best
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bad/badly/ill
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worse
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worst
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many/much
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more
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most
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little
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less
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least
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far
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farther
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farthest
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further
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further
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old
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older
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Oldest(无血缘关系的)
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elder
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Eldest（有血缘关系）
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